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Sains Malaysiana 53(5)(2024): 1167-1183
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5305-15
Adsorption
of Heavy Metal from Wastewater by Bioabsorbent Modified Azolla microphylla and Lemna minor
(Penjerapan
Logam Berat daripada Air Sisa oleh Penyerap Bio Azolla microphylla dan Lemna
minor Terubah Suai)
NASUHA BINTI MOHAMAD NASROL1, NOORASHIKIN
MD SALEH1,*, TANUSHA DEVI A/P ELAN SOLAN1,
NOR YULIANA YUHANA1, FARHANINI YUSOFF2 & SALIZA ASMAN3
1Department of Chemical and Process Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
2Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
3Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of
Applied Sciences and Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM Pagoh Campus, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
Received: 22 November 2023 /Accepted: 3 April 2024
Abstract
Environmental toxicity from
rapid industrialization raises concerns about water pollution caused by
industrial waste and urban sewage. Aquatic macrophytes, such as the Azolla
species, have shown promise in absorbing heavy metals and nutrients from water.
This study introduces a novel approach by evaluating Azolla Microphylla and lemna minor as an economical adsorbent for copper removal from rivers.
Moreover, this study stands out by conducting thorough characterization
analyses. The adsorbent material underwent XRD, SEM, BET, and FTIR analyses
after being crushed and sieved to 1-2 mm. Copper was extracted from river water
using UV-Vis detection at 285 nm. Optimal conditions for adsorption were
determined at pH 4, 30 minutes of contact time, and 0.4 g of adsorbent. Copper
concentrations in the Sungai Petani, Sungai Selangor, and Sungai Langat ranged
from 2 mgL-1 to 5 mgL-1. Azolla proves effective as a
copper adsorbent due to its simplicity in sample preparation, time-saving
benefits, cost-effectiveness compared to conventional systems, and high copper
recovery rate. By successfully removing copper, a prevalent heavy metal
contaminant in industrial waste and urban sewage, this research contributes to
achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 for clean and safe water supplies.
Keywords: Adsorbent;
characterization; copper; river water; UV-Vis analysis
Abstrak
Kesitotoksikan alam sekitar
akibat industrialisasi pesat menimbulkan kebimbangan mengenai pencemaran air
akibat sisa industri dan kumbahan bandar. Makrofit akuatik, seperti spesies
Azolla, telah menunjukkan potensi dalam menyerap logam berat dan nutrien daripada
air. Kajian ini memperkenalkan pendekatan baharu dengan menilai Azolla
microphylla dan Lemna minor sebagai bahan penjerap yang ekonomi untuk
menyingkirkan kuprum dari sungai. Selain itu, kajian ini menyerlah dengan
menjalankan analisis pencirian yang teliti. Bahan penjerap menjalani analisis
XRD, SEM, BET dan FTIR selepas dihancurkan dan diayak hingga 1-2 mm. Kuprum
diekstrak daripada sampel air sungai menggunakan pengesanan UV-Vis pada 285 nm.
Keadaan optimum untuk penjerapan ditentukan pada pH 4, 30 minit waktu sentuhan,
dan 0.4 g penjerap. Kepekatan kuprum di Sungai Petani, Sungai Selangor dan
Sungai Langat berkisar antara 2 mgL-1 hingga 5 mgL-1.
Azolla terbukti berkesan sebagai penjerap kuprum kerana cara penyediaan sampel
yang mudah, jimat masa, berkos efektif berbanding sistem konvensional, serta
kadar pemulihan kuprum yang tinggi. Dengan berjaya menyingkirkan kuprum,
pencemar logam berat yang biasa terdapat dalam sisa industri dan kumbahan
bandar, kajian ini menyumbang kepada pencapaian Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari 6
untuk bekalan air bersih dan selamat.
Kata kunci:
Air sungai; analisis UV-Vis; kuprum; pencirian; penjerap
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*Corresponding author;
email: noorashikin@ukm.edu.my
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